Ph.D., another milestone achieved

Post No 19:

Research Topic: Developing Methodologies for parametric reconstruction of Human Face in 3D Environment

A multi-disciplinary research to recreate human face in 3D, an effort to reproduce individual's face from verbal explanation, photographs or skeletal remains. This comprehensive work may give a name to a dead, find a criminal, help surgeon to visualize surgical modifications or anybody to sculpt human face without artistic and technical skills. This research will empower every individual who deals with human face.

While walking towards stage, I was thinking. This Research would not have been possible without the guidance of my thesis guide, Prof.T.M. Kanvinde. 

I want to express my gratitude to all those individuals in various walks of life who shared their time and knowledge discussing with me on human face. Without their perspectives, this study would not have enriched with so many dimensions. — at Symbiosis International University, Lavale.

A long cherished wish that came true. 

Receiving Ph. D. degree from Dr. M.M. Pallam Raju, Hon'ble Minister for Human Resource Development, Government of India.

With my proud family, wife Samiksha Yadav, daughter Diya Yadav, bro Skekhar Yadav, niece Rohini. Credit must also go to Samiksha and Diya for keeping smile on their face, though I snatched their joyful time to adorn my study.

I lovingly dedicate my degree to my mother. 

Mummy, words can never express the deepest gratitude I have for you.

The 2013 Ph.D. Awardees (Standing first row, in white graduation robe) pose for a souvenir photo with Chief Guest, Dr. M.M. Pallam Raju, HRD minister,(seated, forth from left), Dr. Rajani Gupte, Vice Chancellor, SIU, (seated, sixth from left) ,Dr. S. B. Mujumda, Chancellor, SIU. (seated, fifth from left). Myself (Standing first row, fifth from left,in white graduation robe).

and thus another milestone achieved.
A Knowledge-seeker's journey is very funny and mysterious. The moment one goal is achieved, it disappears and another appears ... distance apart, high up on mountain top. Fanatic, curious mind gets off for another expedition. A new mission, again relentless efforts, sleepless nights, rising frustration, craving and yearning for success.
For a layman, it might look very confusing. For him, ignorance is bliss and unknown is fate. 
For a knowledge-seeker, it is the question of existence. For him, goal is to solve every single riddle in the universe. Analyse, discern, understand all mystical real and unreal facts, transfer each entity from unknown to known pocket. The ultimate mission is simple, to understand the truth.
In spite of knowledge is finite and truth is infinite, the saga continues....

Study of Human Face : Part II

Post No 11:
Human Face >> General Information

Continuing from Post No. 5 : Study of Human Face : Part I 
Most important virtue that separated man from other animals is curiosity. Man is curious to know everything about universe and wants to reveal the grandness of everything in the universe, right from dust upto stardust. He prevailed through countless endeavors. But, from millions of years till date man had and will strive for only one goal. i.e. "How to Make life easier!".

While interacting with surrounding man started observing behavior of each thing. In this process even a subtle usual behavior sparked wonder that adjured to perceive the reason behind it.
Still there are myriad things that wonder us and one of them is "Human Face".

At a very broad level, two cognitive approaches are art and science. 
To understand human face requires incredible artistic and scientific knowledge and much more. The ultimate goal is to understand and explain, describe, categorize, reproduce human face.

Art is subjective, based on emotions and synthesis of thoughts whereas science is rational, objective and analysis of thinking. Art deals with aesthetic pleasure without utilization value on the other hand science finds purpose in every action. Human face study was initiated by artists and then scientific analysis started in the renaissance. In 18th century with the revolutionary development in science emerged many diverse streams. There is immense information on human face scattered in different pockets of these new streams. 

Taxonomy is identification and documentation of every distinct component in diversity. At initial glance you may confront few confusing and ambiguous terms. There are many such terminologies used while stating theories about human face. For example: facial modeling, facial simulation, facial detection, facial identification, facial recognition, facial reconstruction, craniofacial reconstruction. Please bear with me, in upcoming posts I will discuss various topics and things will sort out and these terminologies will start making sense. But for now lets check the taxonomy of literature on human face. 

Taxonomy of Human Face Study based on Approach

Above table explains various streams from Art, Science and other activities which has documented enormous material on human face. After gathering the literature from each field, next natural step is to categorize and keep them connected with relevant rational liaisons for further collaboration. I strongly believe that in the absence of these liaisons knowledge-bases soon become effete information bloats. 
Please note the taxonomy string at top in this post. That's enough for now.

Thx for reading. Keep Sharing and give your comments on the blog.

Let every being be free from delusion and ignorance and face the truth.

Study of Human Face : Part I

8 September 2013
Post No: 5
Human Face >> General Information

I am interested to know firstly when, why and how mankind got obsessed with a human face, still is an unsolved mystery.

While tracing the roots from latest computer art to sculptures, portraits, illustrations, sketches, manuscripts up to cave paintings, we can see evolution of mankind. This progress also reflects cultural developments. 

Human face has fascinated many painters, poets, philosophers, physicians many other professionals, not only that but every pragmatist and even a pea brain. Amazing and interesting human face related information egressed from their writing, creations, experiments, findings and inferences. Collection of Human face related information and its synthesis is like viewing a diamond from various angles and appreciating each color from those color bands.

In a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th century which is called as renaissance, many artists and illustrators made efforts to explicate the human face through their creations. We can easily make out pace of the study of human face in the last millennium  From centuries we are documenting our observations and from last 30 years it is at peak.

In 18th century, whole world was intrigued by many streams of science. One of them was Genetics, discipline of biology, the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's study of inheritance are the most revolutionary concepts in the history of mankind. Human faces are ever evolving carrier of pattern and mutating surface. Till 19th century, Human group classification was mainly based on facial features. There are many theories about human races based on skin color, cranial or facial features and hair texture. Some of them are still topic of debate. The 0.1% genetic difference that differentiates any two random humans is still the subject of much debate. In the same period other streams like forensic science, plastic surgery and orthodontics also greatly evolved and added another dimension to the study of human face.

Since last 30 years, Computer science has made phenomenal developments and impacted each and every field. Because of its amazing data processing capability and speed the development pace was exponentially increased. With the help of Computer graphics, virtually every object can be simulated and visualized in 3D environment. Today scientists are performing anthropometry with three-dimensional scanners to calculate segmental volumes of an individual body scan. There are several examples in entertainment world that computer graphics has achieved ultimate realism. Human face has extremely intricate topology. In Hollywood movies facial modeling, texturing and
rendering is done in such a way that audience can not distinguish between fake and photo.

Everyday each field is evolving in different direction. Those inventions are revealing new dimensions of human face.

The fact that everyday new innovations are being made in all fields of science, every curious practitioner, thinker and philosopher is documenting his experiments and observations. This trend has picked up speed and complexity with the help of computer technology. Human Face related observations can be found in many different streams. The face related information scattered in various fields can be synthesized to form a solution that will address many questions raised over many generations. To navigate through this huge information ocean and extract the required data, one must have know-how of each stream. Keeping up with the flow of information in these fields is a difficult task.

I will discuss the most appropriate approach that I feel in the next blog post.

Aspects of human face

6 September 2013
Post No: 4
Human Face >> General Information

There are many other aspects of human face. Most significant are:

1.Tool for living, Biological importance

Face is just an outer surface of head. Biologically, Head is the most significant body part. Skull gives the form and shape to face and thus can be considered as the framework of the face. Skull is casing of brain - integral part of nervous system, eyes - entire visual system, nose - entire olfactorysystem and doorways of respiratory system, ears - entire auditory system, mouth - entire gustatory system.  

2. Tool for communication, Impression and Expression

Human face is the most favored communication tool inseparably associated with his emotions. Facial expression comes from the squashing and stretching of facial muscles which conveys emotions. The facial impression is observed by perception. It is psychological evaluation based on look of personality despite of internal details, thought process. By nature, facial impression may be biased as perception is subjective, synthesis based on personal thoughts and experiences. So sometimes it becomes controversial.

3.Tool for identity, Biometric, tool for identification

We come in this world with a face and everybody recognizes us with that face. Every person continuously refines his own face recognizing methodology and builds and modifies his own database of human faces in memory. Each brain in this world is an independent system. Based on uniqueness of features many biometric philosophies were developed based on retinal identification, ear Pattern and facial structure. Thus face has become premier tool of identification. 

Human Face : Few interesting facts

5 September 2013

Post No: 3

The pocket Oxford dictionary defines the human face as “the front part of a person’s head from the forehead to the chin.” Mathematician studies actual dimensions and its relationship whereas artist looks it as a shape, form and proportion. Face is like kaleidoscope, every time it reveals different meaning.

Here are some interesting facts about human face

1. The hardest part of our body - teeth, softest and most flexible part - tongue and lips, the hardest bone in the human body - jawbone, most undulated surface - ears, long hirsute surface - scalp and most reflective parts - eyes, all find place in the face.
2. Facial hair grows faster than any other hair on the body.
3. You must lose over 50% of your scalp hairs before it is apparent to anyone. You lose hundreds of hair a day but you’ll have to lose a lot more before you or anyone else will notice. Half of the hair on your pretty little head will have to disappear before our impending baldness will become obvious to all those around you.
4. Your teeth start growing 6 months before you are born. While few babies are born with teeth in place, the teeth that will eventually push through the gums of young children are formed long before the child even leaves the womb. At 9 to 12 weeks the fetus starts to form the teeth buds that will turn into baby teeth.
5. The tooth is the only part of the human body that can’t repair itself. If you've ever chipped a tooth you know just how sadly true this one is. The outer layer of the tooth is enamel which is not a living tissue. Since it’s not alive, it can’t repair itself, leaving our dentist to do the work instead.
6. The hardest bone in the human body is the jawbone. The next time someone suggests you take it on the chin, you might be well advised to take their advice as the jawbone is one of the most durable and hard to break bones in the body.
7. The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue. While you may not be able to bench press much with your tongue, it is in fact the strongest muscle in your body in proportion to its size. If you think about it, every time you eat, swallow or talk you use your tongue, ensuring it gets quite a workout throughout the day.
8. It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. Unless you’re trying to give your face a bit of a workout, smiling is a much easier option for most of us. Anyone who’s ever scowled, squinted or frowned for a long period of time knows how it tires out the face which doesn't do a thing to improve your mood.
9. Bone is stronger than some steel. This doesn't mean your bones can’t break of course, as they are much less dense than steel. Bone has been found to have a tensile strength of 20,000 psi while steel is much higher at 70,000 psi. Steel is much heavier than bone, however, and pound for pound bone is the stronger material.
10. Humans are the only animals to produce emotional tears. In the animal world, humans are the biggest crybabies, being the only animals who cry because they've had a bad day, lost a loved one,  or just don’t feel good.
11. The indentation in the middle of the area between the nose and the upper lip has a name. It is called the philtrum. Scientists have yet to figure out what purpose this indentation serves, though the ancient Greeks thought it to be one of the most erogenous places on the body.

Reading Faces: Face Value

Post: 002

4 September 2013

This article is not about physiognomy but scientific approach to understand human emotions and expressions.

What does a face really tell us about someone's personality?

Professor David Perrett of the Perception Lab at St Andrews University has spent the best part of a decade trying to pin down the essence of facial attractiveness.

Perrett is using the most widely accepted model of human personality: the five-factor model. This consists of:

• Openness to experience - creative, original, independent
• Conscientiousness - careful, hard-working, conscientious
• Extraversion - affectionate, talkative, sociable
• Agreeableness - forgiving, sympathetic, warm
• Neuroticism - nervous, worrying, highly strung

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